Translation and Meaning of: と - to

The Japanese word と [to] is one of the most fundamental and frequently used particles in the language. If you are learning Japanese, you have certainly come across it in basic sentences or even in more complex dialogues. In this article, we will explore its meaning, common uses, and how it fits into the grammatical structure of Japanese. Moreover, we will look at some curiosities about how this small particle can completely change the meaning of a sentence.

If you have already used the Suki Nihongo dictionary, you know that it is a great tool for understanding words and particles like と. Here, we go beyond simple translation and dive into the details that make this particle so essential for communication in Japan. Shall we begin?

The basic meaning and usage of と

The particle と has as its main function to indicate companionship or connection between elements. In English, it can be translated as "and" or "with," depending on the context. For example, in the phrase "りんごとバナナ" (ringo to banana), it means "apple and banana," joining the two items in a list.

Another common use is to express joint action, as in "友達と映画を見た" (tomodachi to eiga o mita), which means "I watched a movie with a friend." Note how と establishes a relationship between the mentioned people or objects, creating a clear connection in the sentence.

The origin and evolution of と

Linguistic studies indicate that と comes from ancient Japanese, where it already served similar functions to the current ones. Unlike many particles that have undergone significant changes over the centuries, と has maintained its form and basic use practically unchanged since the Heian period (794-1185).

Interestingly, research shows that と is one of the oldest particles still in continuous use in modern Japanese. Its simplicity and versatility explain why it has stood the test of time, appearing even in some of Japan's oldest texts.

Tips for using と correctly

A common confusion among students is when to use と instead of other particles like や (ya) or に (ni). Remember: と indicates a complete list or a specific joint action, while や suggests an incomplete list. For example, "本とノート" (hon to nōto) specifically means "book and notebook," without other implied items.

To better memorize, try to associate と with the symbol of a link or chain, as it always connects elements in a direct and explicit way. Another tip is to pay attention to dialogues in anime or Japanese dramas, where と appears frequently in everyday conversations.

Vocabulary

Expand your vocabulary with related words:

Synonyms and similar words

• 無論 (muron) - Without a doubt
• 当然 (touzen) - Naturally; Of course
• なんといっても (nanto ittemo) - In any case; Above all
• そうだろう (sou darou) - That's not how it is, right?
• そうに決まっている (sou ni kimatteru) - Sure it is like that.
• そうだと思う (sou da to omou) - I think it's like this.
• そう思う (sou omou) - I think like this
• そうでしょう (sou deshou) - Isn't it true?
• そうですね (sou desu ne) - This is true, isn’t it?
• そうだね (sou da ne) - That's right, isn't it?
• そうだよね (sou da yo ne) - That's right, isn't it?
• そうだよな (sou da yo na) - That's right, isn't it?
• そうだな (sou da na) - Yes, that's right
• そうかな (sou kana) - Is it like this?
• そうだろうか (sou darou ka) - Is it like this?
• そうだとすれば (sou da to sureba) - If that's the case
• そうだとしたら (sou da to shitara) - If this is true
• そうなら (sou nara) - If that's the case
• そうならば (sou naraba) - If that's the case
• そういうことだ (sou iu koto da) - That's how it is
• そういうことになる (sou iu koto ni naru) - It will reach that point.
• そういうことになっている (sou iu koto ni natteiru) - It is defined like this
• そういうことになった (sou iu koto ni natta) - This happened
• そういうことになると (sou iu koto ni naru to) - If this happens
• そういうことになると思う (sou iu koto ni naru to omou) - I think it's going to be like this.

と

Romaji: to
Kana: と
Type: noun
L: jlpt-n5

Translation / Meaning: 1. if (conjunction); 2. Promoted pawn (shogi) (ABBR)

Meaning in English: 1. if (conjunction); 2. promoted pawn (shogi) (abbr)

Definition: "To" is a conjunction that expresses a connection between sentences or words.

Example Sentences - (と) to

See below some example sentences:

鉄橋を渡ると風が心地よいです。

Tetsubashi wo wataru to kaze ga kokochi yoi desu

Crossing an iron bridge is pleasant with the wind.

The wind is comfortable when you cross the iron bridge.

• 鉄橋 - iron bridge
• を - object particle
• 渡る - pass through
• と - connecting particle
• 風 - wind
• が - subject particle
• 心地よい - pleasant, comfortable
• です - Verb to be/estar in the present

連中は私たちと一緒に行くつもりですか？

Renchuu wa watashitachi to issho ni iku tsumori desu ka?

Are you planning to come with us?

Will they go with us?

• 連中 (renchuu) - means "they" or "them all"
• は (wa) - topic particle, indicates that "they" are the subject of the sentence
• 私たち (watashitachi) - means "we"
• と (to) - particle indicating a connection or company, in this case, "with"
• 一緒に (issho ni) - means "together"
• 行く (iku) - means "to go"
• つもりですか？ (tsumori desu ka?) - expression meaning "you intend" or "you intend to"

遅刻すると先生に怒られる。

Chikoku suru to sensei ni okorareru

If you are late, you will be angry with the teacher.

If you are late, you will be angry with the teacher.

• 遅刻する - be late
• と - particle indicating joint action
• 先生 - Teacher
• に - Particle indicating the target of the action
• 怒られる - be reprimanded

運輸業は国の経済にとって重要な役割を果たしています。

Un'yu gyō wa kuni no keizai ni totte jūyōna yakuwari o hatashite imasu

The transport industry plays an important role in the national economy.

The transport industry plays an important role in the national economy.

• 運輸業 - Transportation industry
• は - Topic particle
• 国 - country
• の - Possession particle
• 経済 - economy
• にとって - for
• 重要な - important
• 役割 - paper
• を果たしています - performs

過密なスケジュールはストレスを引き起こす。

Kamitsu na sukejuuru wa sutoresu o hikiokosu

A very busy schedule causes stress.

Overcrowded schedule causes stress.

• 過密な - It means "densely populated" or "very full".
• スケジュール - It means "agenda" or "schedule".
• は - grammatical particle that marks the topic of the sentence.
• ストレス - It means "stress".
• を - Direct object marker in a sentence.
• 引き起こす - It means "cause" or "provoke".

身体が伸びると気持ちが良いです。

Karada ga nobiru to kimochi ga ii desu

It's good to feel the body stretching.

It's good when your body grows.

• 身体が伸びる - the body stretches
• と - connects the previous sentence with the next
• 気持ちが良い - is nice
• です - is

軽減税率は消費者にとって大きなメリットです。

Keigen zeiritsu wa shōhisha ni totte ōkina meritto desu

A reduced tax rate is a great benefit for consumers.

The reduction tax rate is a great advantage for consumers.

• 軽減税率 - reduction of the tax rate
• は - Topic particle
• 消費者 - Consumer
• にとって - for
• 大きな - large
• メリット - benefício
• です - Verb to be/estar in the present

赤ちゃんはとてもかわいいです。

Akachan wa totemo kawaii desu

Babies are very cute.

The baby is very cute.

• 赤ちゃん - means "baby" in Japanese
• は - topic particle, used to indicate the subject of the sentence
• とても - adverb meaning "very"
• かわいい - adjective meaning "cute" or "pretty"
• です - Verb "to be" in polite form

足元が悪いと転びやすいです。

Ashimoto ga warui to korobi yasui desu

If the floor is bad

It's easy to fall if your feet are bad.

• 足元 - means "around the feet" or "floor" in Japanese.
• が - Grammatical particle that indicates the subject of the sentence.
• 悪い - adjective that means "bad" or "evil".
• と - grammatical particle that indicates a condition or situation.
• 転びやすい - verb meaning "easy to fall" or "prone to tripping."
• です - linking verb indicating a statement or assertion.

踊ることは私の人生の喜びです。

Odoru koto wa watashi no jinsei no yorokobi desu

Dancing is the joy of my life.

Dancing is the joy of my life.

• 踊ることは - "Dançar é"
• 私の - "my"
• 人生の - "vida"
• 喜びです - "joy."