Translation and Meaning of: と - to

The Japanese word と [to] is one of the most fundamental and frequently used particles in the language. If you are learning Japanese, you have certainly come across it in basic sentences or even in more complex dialogues. In this article, we will explore its meaning, common uses, and how it fits into the grammatical structure of Japanese. Moreover, we will look at some curiosities about how this small particle can completely change the meaning of a sentence.

If you have already used the Suki Nihongo dictionary, you know that it is a great tool for understanding words and particles like と. Here, we go beyond simple translation and dive into the details that make this particle so essential for communication in Japan. Shall we begin?

The basic meaning and usage of と

The particle と has as its main function to indicate companionship or connection between elements. In English, it can be translated as "and" or "with," depending on the context. For example, in the phrase "りんごとバナナ" (ringo to banana), it means "apple and banana," joining the two items in a list.

Another common use is to express joint action, as in "友達と映画を見た" (tomodachi to eiga o mita), which means "I watched a movie with a friend." Note how と establishes a relationship between the mentioned people or objects, creating a clear connection in the sentence.

The origin and evolution of と

Linguistic studies indicate that と comes from ancient Japanese, where it already served similar functions to the current ones. Unlike many particles that have undergone significant changes over the centuries, と has maintained its form and basic use practically unchanged since the Heian period (794-1185).

Interestingly, research shows that と is one of the oldest particles still in continuous use in modern Japanese. Its simplicity and versatility explain why it has stood the test of time, appearing even in some of Japan's oldest texts.

Tips for using と correctly

A common confusion among students is when to use と instead of other particles like や (ya) or に (ni). Remember: と indicates a complete list or a specific joint action, while や suggests an incomplete list. For example, "本とノート" (hon to nōto) specifically means "book and notebook," without other implied items.

To better memorize, try to associate と with the symbol of a link or chain, as it always connects elements in a direct and explicit way. Another tip is to pay attention to dialogues in anime or Japanese dramas, where と appears frequently in everyday conversations.

Vocabulary

Expand your vocabulary with related words:

Synonyms and similar words

• 無論 (muron) - Without a doubt
• 当然 (touzen) - Naturally; Of course
• なんといっても (nanto ittemo) - In any case; Above all
• そうだろう (sou darou) - That's not how it is, right?
• そうに決まっている (sou ni kimatteru) - Sure it is like that.
• そうだと思う (sou da to omou) - I think it's like this.
• そう思う (sou omou) - I think like this
• そうでしょう (sou deshou) - Isn't it true?
• そうですね (sou desu ne) - This is true, isn’t it?
• そうだね (sou da ne) - That's right, isn't it?
• そうだよね (sou da yo ne) - That's right, isn't it?
• そうだよな (sou da yo na) - That's right, isn't it?
• そうだな (sou da na) - Yes, that's right
• そうかな (sou kana) - Is it like this?
• そうだろうか (sou darou ka) - Is it like this?
• そうだとすれば (sou da to sureba) - If that's the case
• そうだとしたら (sou da to shitara) - If this is true
• そうなら (sou nara) - If that's the case
• そうならば (sou naraba) - If that's the case
• そういうことだ (sou iu koto da) - That's how it is
• そういうことになる (sou iu koto ni naru) - It will reach that point.
• そういうことになっている (sou iu koto ni natteiru) - It is defined like this
• そういうことになった (sou iu koto ni natta) - This happened
• そういうことになると (sou iu koto ni naru to) - If this happens
• そういうことになると思う (sou iu koto ni naru to omou) - I think it's going to be like this.

と

Romaji: to
Kana: と
Type: noun
L: jlpt-n5

Translation / Meaning: 1. if (conjunction); 2. Promoted pawn (shogi) (ABBR)

Meaning in English: 1. if (conjunction); 2. promoted pawn (shogi) (abbr)

Definition: "To" is a conjunction that expresses a connection between sentences or words.

Example Sentences - (と) to

See below some example sentences:

この小説は名作だと思います。

Kono shousetsu wa meisaku da to omoimasu

I think this novel is a masterpiece.

I think this novel is a masterpiece.

• この - demonstrative "this"
• 小説 - noun "romance/novel"
• は - Topic particle
• 名作 - noun "masterpiece"
• だ - verb "to be" in the affirmative form
• と - Quote particle
• 思います - verb "think" in the polite form

この木の幹はとても太いです。

Kono ki no miki wa totemo futoi desu

The trunk of this tree is very thick.

• この - demonstrative "this"
• 木 - noun "tree"
• の - possessive particle "of"
• 幹 - noun "trunk"
• は - topic particle "は"
• とても - adverb "very"
• 太い - adjective "thick"
• です - verb "to be" (polite)

この料理の味はとても美味しいです。

Kono ryōri no aji wa totemo oishii desu

The flavor of this dish is very delicious.

• この - demonstrative "this"
• 料理 - noun "dish, food"
• の - possessive particle "of"
• 味 - noun "flavor"
• は - topic particle "is about"
• とても - adverb "very"
• 美味しい - Adjective "delicious"
• です - verb "to be" in the present polite

この模型はとても精密に作られています。

Kono mokei wa totemo seimitsu ni tsukurareteimasu

This model is made very precisely.

• この - demonstrative "this"
• 模型 - Noun "model"
• は - Topic particle
• とても - adverb "very"
• 精密 - adjective "precise"
• に - Target particle
• 作られています - passive verb "was done"

この荷物の重量はどのくらいですか？

Kono nimotsu no jūryō wa dono kurai desu ka?

What is the weight of this luggage?

• この - demonstrative "this"
• 荷物 - noun "luggage"
• の - possessive particle "of"
• 重量 - noun "weight"
• は - topic particle "about"
• どのくらい - adverb "quanto"
• ですか - verb "to be" in the polite way of asking

このプロジェクトの規模は大きすぎる。

Kono purojekuto no kibo wa ookisugiru

The size of this project is too big.

The size of this project is very large.

• この - demonstrative indicating proximity, in this case "this"
• プロジェクト - word in Japanese that means "project"
• の - particle indicating possession, in this case "of"
• 規模 - word in Japanese that means "scale" or "size"
• は - particle that indicates the topic of the sentence, in this case, "about"
• 大きすぎる - adjective in Japanese that means "too big"

この作家の小説はとても面白いです。

Kono sakka no shousetsu wa totemo omoshiroi desu

This writer's novel is very interesting.

• この - demonstrative indicating proximity, in this case "this"
• 作家 - noun that means "writer"
• の - particle indicating possession, in this case "of"
• 小説 - noun that means "romance" or "novel"
• は - particle that indicates the topic of the sentence, in this case, "about"
• とても - adverb meaning "very"
• 面白い - adjective meaning "interesting" or "fun"
• です - auxiliary verb that indicates the polite form of the present, in this case, "é"

この本はどの分類に入りますか？

Kono hon wa dono bunrui ni hairimasu ka?

What category does this book fit in?

What classification is this book?

• この - demonstrative that indicates proximity, in this case, refers to a specific book
• 本 - noun that means book
• は - particle that indicates the theme of the sentence, in this case, the book
• どの - interrogative pronoun that means which
• 分類 - noun meaning classification
• に - particle that indicates the syntactic function of a term in the sentence, in this case, indicates the relationship between the book and the classification
• 入ります - verb that means to enter, in this case, is in the present tense and in the polite form
• か - Particle that indicates a question

この街はとても美しいです。

Kono machi wa totemo utsukushii desu

This city is very beautiful.

• この - demonstrative indicating proximity, in this case "this"
• 街 - noun meaning "city"
• は - particle that indicates the topic of the sentence, in this case, "the city"
• とても - adverb meaning "very"
• 美しい - adjective meaning "beautiful"
• です - Verb "to be" in polite form

この喜劇はとても面白いです。

Kono kigeki wa totemo omoshiroi desu

This comedy is very funny.

This comedy is very interesting.

• この - demonstrative determiner meaning "this"
• 喜劇 - Noun that means "comedy"
• は - particle that marks the topic of the sentence
• とても - adverb meaning "very"
• 面白い - adjective meaning "interesting" or "fun"
• です - Verb "to be" in polite form