Translation and Meaning of: と - to

The Japanese word と [to] is one of the most fundamental and frequently used particles in the language. If you are learning Japanese, you have certainly come across it in basic sentences or even in more complex dialogues. In this article, we will explore its meaning, common uses, and how it fits into the grammatical structure of Japanese. Moreover, we will look at some curiosities about how this small particle can completely change the meaning of a sentence.

If you have already used the Suki Nihongo dictionary, you know that it is a great tool for understanding words and particles like と. Here, we go beyond simple translation and dive into the details that make this particle so essential for communication in Japan. Shall we begin?

The basic meaning and usage of と

The particle と has as its main function to indicate companionship or connection between elements. In English, it can be translated as "and" or "with," depending on the context. For example, in the phrase "りんごとバナナ" (ringo to banana), it means "apple and banana," joining the two items in a list.

Another common use is to express joint action, as in "友達と映画を見た" (tomodachi to eiga o mita), which means "I watched a movie with a friend." Note how と establishes a relationship between the mentioned people or objects, creating a clear connection in the sentence.

The origin and evolution of と

Linguistic studies indicate that と comes from ancient Japanese, where it already served similar functions to the current ones. Unlike many particles that have undergone significant changes over the centuries, と has maintained its form and basic use practically unchanged since the Heian period (794-1185).

Interestingly, research shows that と is one of the oldest particles still in continuous use in modern Japanese. Its simplicity and versatility explain why it has stood the test of time, appearing even in some of Japan's oldest texts.

Tips for using と correctly

A common confusion among students is when to use と instead of other particles like や (ya) or に (ni). Remember: と indicates a complete list or a specific joint action, while や suggests an incomplete list. For example, "本とノート" (hon to nōto) specifically means "book and notebook," without other implied items.

To better memorize, try to associate と with the symbol of a link or chain, as it always connects elements in a direct and explicit way. Another tip is to pay attention to dialogues in anime or Japanese dramas, where と appears frequently in everyday conversations.

Vocabulary

Expand your vocabulary with related words:

Synonyms and similar words

• 無論 (muron) - Without a doubt
• 当然 (touzen) - Naturally; Of course
• なんといっても (nanto ittemo) - In any case; Above all
• そうだろう (sou darou) - That's not how it is, right?
• そうに決まっている (sou ni kimatteru) - Sure it is like that.
• そうだと思う (sou da to omou) - I think it's like this.
• そう思う (sou omou) - I think like this
• そうでしょう (sou deshou) - Isn't it true?
• そうですね (sou desu ne) - This is true, isn’t it?
• そうだね (sou da ne) - That's right, isn't it?
• そうだよね (sou da yo ne) - That's right, isn't it?
• そうだよな (sou da yo na) - That's right, isn't it?
• そうだな (sou da na) - Yes, that's right
• そうかな (sou kana) - Is it like this?
• そうだろうか (sou darou ka) - Is it like this?
• そうだとすれば (sou da to sureba) - If that's the case
• そうだとしたら (sou da to shitara) - If this is true
• そうなら (sou nara) - If that's the case
• そうならば (sou naraba) - If that's the case
• そういうことだ (sou iu koto da) - That's how it is
• そういうことになる (sou iu koto ni naru) - It will reach that point.
• そういうことになっている (sou iu koto ni natteiru) - It is defined like this
• そういうことになった (sou iu koto ni natta) - This happened
• そういうことになると (sou iu koto ni naru to) - If this happens
• そういうことになると思う (sou iu koto ni naru to omou) - I think it's going to be like this.

と

Romaji: to
Kana: と
Type: noun
L: jlpt-n5

Translation / Meaning: 1. if (conjunction); 2. Promoted pawn (shogi) (ABBR)

Meaning in English: 1. if (conjunction); 2. promoted pawn (shogi) (abbr)

Definition: "To" is a conjunction that expresses a connection between sentences or words.

Example Sentences - (と) to

See below some example sentences:

不運なことが起こった。

Fūn na koto ga okotta

Unhappy things happened.

• 不運な - unhappy, unlucky
• こと - thing, subject
• が - subject particle
• 起こった - happened, occurred

世辞を言われると嬉しいです。

Séji wo iwareru to ureshii desu

I'm happy when I get compliments.

Glad you are complained.

• 世辞 - praise
• を - object particle
• 言われる - ser dito
• と - connecting particle
• 嬉しい - happy
• です - be (linking verb)

中央にある公園はとても美しいです。

Chūō ni aru kōen wa totemo utsukushii desu

The park in the center is very beautiful.

• 中央にある - located in the center
• 公園 - park
• は - Topic particle
• とても - very
• 美しい - beautiful
• です - Verb to be/estar in the present

中立な立場を守ることが大切です。

Chūritsu na tachiba o mamoru koto ga taisetsu desu

It is important to maintain a neutral position.

It is important to protect a neutral position.

• 中立な - adjective that means "neutral"
• 立場 - noun that means "position" or "posture"
• を - Particle indicating the direct object of the sentence
• 守る - verb that means "to protect" or "to maintain"
• こと - abstract noun that indicates "thing" or "fact"
• が - particle that indicates the subject of the sentence
• 大切 - Adjective meaning "important" or "valuable".
• です - linking verb that indicates the polite form of discourse

中腹にある寺はとても美しいです。

Chūfuku ni aru tera wa totemo utsukushii desu

The temple in the hill is very beautiful.

• 中腹にある - located on the slope
• 寺 - temple
• は - Topic particle
• とても - very
• 美しい - beautiful
• です - Verb to be/estar in the present

丸ごと食べたい。

Marugoto tabetai

I want to eat everything.

I want to eat the whole.

• 丸ごと - means "whole" or "complete".
• 食べたい - means "I want to eat".

久しい間ずっと待っていた。

Hisashii aida zutto matteita

I waited a long time.

I've been waiting a long time.

• 久しい - adjective that means "long", "prolonged"
• 間 - noun that means "space", "interval"
• ずっと - adverb that means "always", "continuously"
• 待っていた - verb meaning "to wait", conjugated in the past and in the progressive form

予め計画を立てることが重要です。

Yobunme keikaku wo tateru koto ga juuyou desu

It is important to do early planning.

It is important to make a plan in advance.

• 予め - adverb that means "in advance" or "previously".
• 計画 - noun meaning "plan" or "project".
• を - particle that indicates the direct object of the sentence.
• 立てる - verb that means "to do" or "to create."
• こと - noun that indicates an action or event.
• が - Particle that indicates the subject of the sentence.
• 重要 - Adjective meaning "important" or "crucial".
• です - auxiliary verb that indicates the polite or formal form of the sentence.

予算を守ることは重要です。

Yosan wo mamoru koto wa juuyou desu

It is important to stick to the budget.

It is important to stick to your budget.

• 予算 - budget
• を - object particle
• 守る - protect, maintain
• こと - action noun
• は - Topic particle
• 重要 - important
• です - Verb to be/estar in the present
• . - Period

互いに理解し合うことが大切です。

Tagai ni rikai shiau koto ga taisetsu desu

It is important to understand each other.

• 互いに - means "each other" or "mutually".
• 理解 - means "understanding" or "comprehension".
• し合う - is a verb form that indicates the action of "doing together" or "helping each other".
• こと - is a noun meaning "thing" or "subject".
• が - It is a particle that indicates the subject of the sentence.
• 大切 - It means "important" or "valuable".
• です - is a polite way of saying "ser" or "estar".