Translation and Meaning of: と - to

The Japanese word と [to] is one of the most fundamental and frequently used particles in the language. If you are learning Japanese, you have certainly come across it in basic sentences or even in more complex dialogues. In this article, we will explore its meaning, common uses, and how it fits into the grammatical structure of Japanese. Moreover, we will look at some curiosities about how this small particle can completely change the meaning of a sentence.

If you have already used the Suki Nihongo dictionary, you know that it is a great tool for understanding words and particles like と. Here, we go beyond simple translation and dive into the details that make this particle so essential for communication in Japan. Shall we begin?

The basic meaning and usage of と

The particle と has as its main function to indicate companionship or connection between elements. In English, it can be translated as "and" or "with," depending on the context. For example, in the phrase "りんごとバナナ" (ringo to banana), it means "apple and banana," joining the two items in a list.

Another common use is to express joint action, as in "友達と映画を見た" (tomodachi to eiga o mita), which means "I watched a movie with a friend." Note how と establishes a relationship between the mentioned people or objects, creating a clear connection in the sentence.

The origin and evolution of と

Linguistic studies indicate that と comes from ancient Japanese, where it already served similar functions to the current ones. Unlike many particles that have undergone significant changes over the centuries, と has maintained its form and basic use practically unchanged since the Heian period (794-1185).

Interestingly, research shows that と is one of the oldest particles still in continuous use in modern Japanese. Its simplicity and versatility explain why it has stood the test of time, appearing even in some of Japan's oldest texts.

Tips for using と correctly

A common confusion among students is when to use と instead of other particles like や (ya) or に (ni). Remember: と indicates a complete list or a specific joint action, while や suggests an incomplete list. For example, "本とノート" (hon to nōto) specifically means "book and notebook," without other implied items.

To better memorize, try to associate と with the symbol of a link or chain, as it always connects elements in a direct and explicit way. Another tip is to pay attention to dialogues in anime or Japanese dramas, where と appears frequently in everyday conversations.

Vocabulary

Expand your vocabulary with related words:

Synonyms and similar words

• 無論 (muron) - Without a doubt
• 当然 (touzen) - Naturally; Of course
• なんといっても (nanto ittemo) - In any case; Above all
• そうだろう (sou darou) - That's not how it is, right?
• そうに決まっている (sou ni kimatteru) - Sure it is like that.
• そうだと思う (sou da to omou) - I think it's like this.
• そう思う (sou omou) - I think like this
• そうでしょう (sou deshou) - Isn't it true?
• そうですね (sou desu ne) - This is true, isn’t it?
• そうだね (sou da ne) - That's right, isn't it?
• そうだよね (sou da yo ne) - That's right, isn't it?
• そうだよな (sou da yo na) - That's right, isn't it?
• そうだな (sou da na) - Yes, that's right
• そうかな (sou kana) - Is it like this?
• そうだろうか (sou darou ka) - Is it like this?
• そうだとすれば (sou da to sureba) - If that's the case
• そうだとしたら (sou da to shitara) - If this is true
• そうなら (sou nara) - If that's the case
• そうならば (sou naraba) - If that's the case
• そういうことだ (sou iu koto da) - That's how it is
• そういうことになる (sou iu koto ni naru) - It will reach that point.
• そういうことになっている (sou iu koto ni natteiru) - It is defined like this
• そういうことになった (sou iu koto ni natta) - This happened
• そういうことになると (sou iu koto ni naru to) - If this happens
• そういうことになると思う (sou iu koto ni naru to omou) - I think it's going to be like this.

と

Romaji: to
Kana: と
Type: noun
L: jlpt-n5

Translation / Meaning: 1. if (conjunction); 2. Promoted pawn (shogi) (ABBR)

Meaning in English: 1. if (conjunction); 2. promoted pawn (shogi) (abbr)

Definition: "To" is a conjunction that expresses a connection between sentences or words.

Example Sentences - (と) to

See below some example sentences:

そんなことないよ。

Sonna koto nai yo

This is not true.

This is not true.

• そんな - That
• こと - thing
• ない - there is not / it is not
• よ - emphasis particle

タイマーをセットしてください。

Taimā o setto shite kudasai

Please set the timer.

Please set the timer.

• タイマー (taimā) - timer
• を (wo) - Particle that indicates the object of the action
• セットして (setto shite) - verb "set" conjugated in the imperative
• ください (kudasai) - verb "give" conjugated in the imperative, indicating a polite request

ダウンジャケットを着て寒さから身を守りましょう。

Daun jaketto wo kite samusa kara mi wo mamorimashou

Let's wear a jacket to protect ourselves from the cold.

Wear a jacket and protect yourself from the cold.

• ダウンジャケット - Down jacket
• を - Direct object particle
• 着て - Verb "to dress" in the gerund
• 寒さ - Cold
• から - origin particle
• 身を守りましょう - Protect yourself

この荷物の目方はどのくらいですか？

Kono nimotsu no mihodo wa dono kurai desu ka?

How's that luggage eye?

How's that luggage eye?

• この荷物 - "this package"
• の - Possessive particle
• 目方 - "weight"
• は - Topic particle
• どのくらい - "how much"
• ですか - interrogative particle

この試みは成功するかどうか分かりません。

Kono kokoromi wa seikou suru ka dou ka wakarimasen

I don't know if this attempt will be successful.

I don't know if this attempt will be successful.

• この試み - "This attempt"
• は - Topic particle
• 成功する - "Being successful"
• かどうか - "Whether or not"
• 分かりません - "I don't know"

この話題はとても興味深いですね。

Kono wadai wa totemo kyōmi bukai desu ne

This topic is very interesting.

This topic is very interesting.

• この話題 - kono wadai - This topic
• は - wa- Topic particle
• とても - totem - Very
• 興味深い - kyōmibukai - Interesting
• です - desu - polite way of being
• ね - huh - confirmation/emphasis particle

この道は車が通ることができます。

Kono michi wa kuruma ga tooru koto ga dekimasu

The cars can drive on this road.

This road allows cars to pass.

• この道は - indicates that the sentence refers to "this street"
• 車が通る - "Carros passam" means "cars pass" in English.
• ことができます - It is an expression that indicates "it is possible"

コンセントを抜いてください。

Konsento wo nuite kudasai

Please unplug the plug.

Please remove the output.

• コンセント - electrical outlet
• を - object particle
• 抜いて - verb "to take", in the imperative
• ください - expression of request, "please"

サボると後悔する。

Saboru to koukai suru

I lament when I jump.

I lament when I jump.

• サボる - verb that means "to miss" or "to slack off".
• と - particle that indicates the cause-and-effect relationship between the two parts of the sentence.
• 後悔する - verb that means "to regret".

シートを敷いてください。

Shiito wo shiite kudasai

Please put the sheet.

Please put the sheet.

• シート (shīto) - plastic or fabric sheet to protect or cover something
• を (wo) - direct object particle
• 敷いて (shīte) - "put" or "lay" in the imperative
• ください (kudasai) - polite expression of request or solicitation