Translation and Meaning of: と - to

The Japanese word と [to] is one of the most fundamental and frequently used particles in the language. If you are learning Japanese, you have certainly come across it in basic sentences or even in more complex dialogues. In this article, we will explore its meaning, common uses, and how it fits into the grammatical structure of Japanese. Moreover, we will look at some curiosities about how this small particle can completely change the meaning of a sentence.

If you have already used the Suki Nihongo dictionary, you know that it is a great tool for understanding words and particles like と. Here, we go beyond simple translation and dive into the details that make this particle so essential for communication in Japan. Shall we begin?

The basic meaning and usage of と

The particle と has as its main function to indicate companionship or connection between elements. In English, it can be translated as "and" or "with," depending on the context. For example, in the phrase "りんごとバナナ" (ringo to banana), it means "apple and banana," joining the two items in a list.

Another common use is to express joint action, as in "友達と映画を見た" (tomodachi to eiga o mita), which means "I watched a movie with a friend." Note how と establishes a relationship between the mentioned people or objects, creating a clear connection in the sentence.

The origin and evolution of と

Linguistic studies indicate that と comes from ancient Japanese, where it already served similar functions to the current ones. Unlike many particles that have undergone significant changes over the centuries, と has maintained its form and basic use practically unchanged since the Heian period (794-1185).

Interestingly, research shows that と is one of the oldest particles still in continuous use in modern Japanese. Its simplicity and versatility explain why it has stood the test of time, appearing even in some of Japan's oldest texts.

Tips for using と correctly

A common confusion among students is when to use と instead of other particles like や (ya) or に (ni). Remember: と indicates a complete list or a specific joint action, while や suggests an incomplete list. For example, "本とノート" (hon to nōto) specifically means "book and notebook," without other implied items.

To better memorize, try to associate と with the symbol of a link or chain, as it always connects elements in a direct and explicit way. Another tip is to pay attention to dialogues in anime or Japanese dramas, where と appears frequently in everyday conversations.

Vocabulary

Expand your vocabulary with related words:

Synonyms and similar words

• 無論 (muron) - Without a doubt
• 当然 (touzen) - Naturally; Of course
• なんといっても (nanto ittemo) - In any case; Above all
• そうだろう (sou darou) - That's not how it is, right?
• そうに決まっている (sou ni kimatteru) - Sure it is like that.
• そうだと思う (sou da to omou) - I think it's like this.
• そう思う (sou omou) - I think like this
• そうでしょう (sou deshou) - Isn't it true?
• そうですね (sou desu ne) - This is true, isn’t it?
• そうだね (sou da ne) - That's right, isn't it?
• そうだよね (sou da yo ne) - That's right, isn't it?
• そうだよな (sou da yo na) - That's right, isn't it?
• そうだな (sou da na) - Yes, that's right
• そうかな (sou kana) - Is it like this?
• そうだろうか (sou darou ka) - Is it like this?
• そうだとすれば (sou da to sureba) - If that's the case
• そうだとしたら (sou da to shitara) - If this is true
• そうなら (sou nara) - If that's the case
• そうならば (sou naraba) - If that's the case
• そういうことだ (sou iu koto da) - That's how it is
• そういうことになる (sou iu koto ni naru) - It will reach that point.
• そういうことになっている (sou iu koto ni natteiru) - It is defined like this
• そういうことになった (sou iu koto ni natta) - This happened
• そういうことになると (sou iu koto ni naru to) - If this happens
• そういうことになると思う (sou iu koto ni naru to omou) - I think it's going to be like this.

と

Romaji: to
Kana: と
Type: noun
L: jlpt-n5

Translation / Meaning: 1. if (conjunction); 2. Promoted pawn (shogi) (ABBR)

Meaning in English: 1. if (conjunction); 2. promoted pawn (shogi) (abbr)

Definition: "To" is a conjunction that expresses a connection between sentences or words.

Example Sentences - (と) to

See below some example sentences:

輸出は国の経済にとって重要な役割を果たしています。

Yushutsu wa kuni no keizai ni totte juuyou na yakuwari wo hatashiteimasu

Exports play an important role in the national economy.

• 輸出 (yushutsu) - Export
• は (wa) - Topic particle
• 国 (kuni) - country
• の (no) - Possessive particle
• 経済 (keizai) - economy
• にとって (ni totte) - for
• 重要 (juuyou) - important
• な (na) - adjectival particle
• 役割 (yakuwari) - Paper, function
• を果たしています (wo hatashite imasu) - performs

迅速に行動することが重要です。

Jinsoku ni koudou suru koto ga juuyou desu

It's important to act quickly.

• 迅速に - adverb meaning "quickly"
• 行動する - verb that means "act", "take action"
• こと - noun that indicates "thing", "fact"
• が - particle that indicates the subject of the sentence
• 重要です - Adjective that means "important" conjugated in a polite form

農家は自然と共に生きる。

Nōka wa shizen to tomo ni ikiru

Farmers live with nature.

• 農家 - farmer
• は - Topic particle
• 自然 - nature
• と - connecting particle
• 共に - together
• 生きる - live

辞めることは決して悪いことではありません。

Jimeru koto wa kesshite warui koto de wa arimasen

Leaving is not necessarily a bad thing.

It's not bad to go out.

• 辞めることは決して悪いことではありません。

- Unordered list tag
• - The tag of item of the list Leaving is never a bad thing. - Content of the item list
- Closure of the item list

- Closing of the unordered list

退くことは勇気の証です。

Sakuku koto wa yuuki no akashi desu

Retreating is a test of courage.

Retirement is a test of courage.

• 退く - retreat, give up
• こと - Thing, fact
• は - particle that indicates the topic of the sentence
• 勇気 - courage
• の - Particle indicating possession or relationship
• 証 - Proof, evidence
• です - Verb to be/estar in the present

追跡することは重要です。

Tsuitsoku suru koto wa juuyou desu

It's important to pursue.

It's important to track.

• 追跡する - It means "track" in Japanese.
• こと - it is a particle that indicates that the previous word is a noun.
• は - it is a particle that indicates the topic of the sentence, in this case "追跡すること" (tracking is important).
• 重要 - means "important" in Japanese.
• です - It is a polite way to say "is" in Japanese.

迷うことは人間らしい。

Mayou koto wa ningen rashii

It's human to feel lost.

It seems human to get lost.

• 迷う - (mayou) - means "to be lost" or "to be in doubt"
• こと - (koto) - means "thing" or "fact"
• は - (wa) - grammatical particle that indicates the topic of the sentence
• 人間 - (human) - means "human being"
• らしい - (rashii) - suffix that indicates that something is typical or characteristic of something or someone

逃がすことは許されない。

Nigasu koto wa yurusarenai

It is not allowed to let escape.

It is not allowed to escape.

• 逃がす - Verb that means "let go", "let slip away".
• こと - noun meaning "thing", "fact"
• は - Particle indicating the topic of the sentence
• 許されない - verb in the negative form meaning "not to be allowed", "not to be tolerated"

逆境に立ち向かうことが人生の成長につながる。

Gyakkyou ni tachimukau koto ga jinsei no seichou ni tsunagaru

Facing adversity leads to growth in life.

Confident adversities lead to the growth of life.

• 逆境 (gyakkyou) - adversity
• に (ni) - particle indicating destination or location
• 立ち向かう (tachimukau) - confront, resist
• こと (koto) - abstract noun, indicating action or event
• が (ga) - subject particle
• 人生 (jinsei) - life
• の (no) - partítulo indicando posse ou relação
• 成長 (seichou) - growth, development
• につながる (ni tsunagaru) - lead to, result in

逃げることは勇気だと思う。

Nigeru koto wa yuuki da to omou

I believe running away is courage.

I think it's brave to escape.

• 逃げる - verb "to run away" in Japanese
• こと - noun "thing"
• は - Topic particle
• 勇気 - noun "courage"
• だ - verb "to be" in Japanese
• と - Quote particle
• 思う - verb "to think" in Japanese