Translation and Meaning of: 時 - toki

The Japanese word 時[とき] is one of those that every language student encounters early in their journey. It carries deep meanings and varied uses, ranging from chronological time to emotional and philosophical moments. In this article, we will explore what makes this word so special, including its origin, translation, and how it is perceived in Japanese culture.

If you have ever wondered how the Japanese understand the concept of time or how this word appears in everyday expressions, you are in the right place. Here at Suki Nihongo, we aim to provide clear and precise explanations for those who want to truly master Japanese. Shall we get started?

The meaning and origin of 時[とき]

The word 時[とき] is often translated as "time" or "hour," but its meaning goes beyond that. It can refer to both a specific moment and a broader era. The kanji 時 is composed of the radical 日 (sun) and 寺 (temple), suggesting an ancient relationship with the measurement of time through the observation of the sun.

In the Japanese language, とき is used in contexts ranging from everyday language to more poetic expressions. Unlike Portuguese, where "tempo" can refer to both chronos (chronological time) and kairos (opportune moment), Japanese often uses 時 for both concepts, depending on the context.

How 時[とき] is used in modern Japanese

In daily life, Japanese people use とき to mark specific events or situations. Phrases like "その時" (at that moment) or "食事の時" (at mealtime) are common and demonstrate how the word is embedded in everyday communication. It also appears in fixed expressions, such as "時々" (sometimes) or "一時" (for a while).

It is worth noting that とき has a more subjective use than words like 時間 (jikan), which refers to chronological and measurable time. While 時間 is used for times and durations, とき captures the idea of significant moments or personal experiences. This nuance is important for those who want to sound natural when speaking Japanese.

The cultural perception of time through 時[とき]

In Japan, the word とき holds a worldview that values both precision and impermanence. On one hand, Japanese punctuality is famous, showing respect for others' time. On the other hand, concepts like "mono no aware" (the sensitivity to the transience of things) reveal an acceptance of the passage of time as something natural and even beautiful.

This duality appears in Japanese literature and cinema, where 時 often symbolizes both the inevitability of change and the importance of living in the present. Studio Ghibli films, for example, frequently explore this complex relationship with time, using とき as a bridge between the mundane and the philosophical.

Vocabulary

Expand your vocabulary with related words:

Synonyms and similar words

• 刻 (koku) - Moment, instant
• 時刻 (jikoku) - hour, specific moment in time
• 時間 (jikan) - time, duration; refers to time in general
• 時代 (jidai) - era, period; refers to a historical period
• 時期 (jiki) - period, phase; a specific part within a broader time frame
• 時点 (jiten) - point in time; a specific moment considered as a milestone
• 時候 (jikō) - season; refers to a time or period
• 時間帯 (jikan-tai) - time slot, defined period within the daily schedule
• 時間割 (jikanwari) - schedule, time management, especially in educational contexts
• 時計 (tokei) - watch; an instrument used to measure time
• 時間表 (jikan-hyō) - schedule table; visual representation of scheduled times
• 時間制限 (jikan seigen) - time limit; time-related restriction
• 時間差 (jikan sa) - difference in time; interval between two moments
• 時間的 (jikan-teki) - temporal; related to time
• 時間的な (jikan-teki na) - temporal; adjective related to time restrictions
• 時間的に (jikan-teki ni) - temporarily; related to a context of time
• 時間的要因 (jikan-teki yōin) - temporal factors; elements that affect the weather
• 時間的に限定される (jikan-teki ni gentei sareru) - temporarily limited; restrictions that occur over time
• 時間的に重要な (jikan-teki ni jūyō na) - temporarily important; something that holds relevance over time
• 時間的な制約 (jikan-teki na seiyaku) - time restriction; limitations related to time periods
• 時間的な制限 (jikan-teki na seigen) - time limitation; conditions that restrict the use of time
• 時間的な制約条件 (jikan-teki na seiyaku jōken) - temporal restriction conditions; criteria that define time limitations
• 時間的な制限事項 (jikan-teki na seigen jikō) - time restriction items; aspects that make up time limitations
• 時間的な制限要因 (jikan-teki na seigen yōin) - temporal limitations factors; causes that lead to time constraints
• 時間的な制約事項 (jikan-teki na seiyaku jikō) - time restriction items; aspects that define how the limitations should be applied
• 時間的な制約条件事項 (jikan-teki na seiyaku jōken jikō) - items of temporal restriction conditions; elements that establish the parameters of time limitations
• 時間的な制限条件 (jikan-teki na seigen jōken) - time limitation conditions; parameters that define time-related restrictions

時

Romaji: toki
Kana: とき
Type: noun
L: jlpt-n3

Translation / Meaning: time; hour; occasion

Meaning in English: time;hour;occasion

Definition: The flow of a certain moment. unit of time.

Example Sentences - (時) toki

See below some example sentences:

私は自分自身を篭って考える時間が必要です。

Watashi wa jibun jishin o komotte kangaeru jikan ga hitsuyōdesu

I need time to collect myself and think.

I need time to think and think about myself.

• 私 (watashi) - Japanese personal pronoun that means "I"
• は (wa) - topic particle that indicates the topic of the sentence
• 自分自身 (jibun jishin) - expression meaning "oneself"
• を (wo) - direct object particle that indicates the target of the action
• 篭って (kagotte) - gerund verb meaning "to be isolated"
• 考える (kangaeru) - verb meaning "to think"
• 時間 (jikan) - noun meaning "time"
• が (ga) - subject particle that indicates who performs the action
• 必要 (hitsuyou) - adjective meaning "necessary"
• です (desu) - auxiliary verb that indicates the present tense and formality

私は長時間働いた後にはばてる。

Watashi wa choujikan hataraita ato ni wa bateru

I get exhausted after working for a long time.

After working for a long time.

• 私 (watashi) - personal pronoun that means "I"
• は (wa) - topic particle that indicates the subject of the sentence
• 長時間 (choujikan) - noun meaning "long period of time"
• 働いた (hataraita) - past tense verb meaning "I worked"
• 後に (ato ni) - expression meaning "after"
• はばてる (habateru) - verb meaning "to be exhausted"

私は新しい環境に慣れるのに時間がかかります。

Watashi wa atarashii kankyō ni nareru no ni jikan ga kakarimasu

It takes time to get used to a new environment.

• 私 - Japanese personal pronoun that means "I"
• は - Japanese particle that indicates the topic of the sentence
• 新しい - 新しい (atarashii)
• 環境 - Japanese noun that means "environment"
• に - Japanese particle that indicates action towards something or a place.
• 慣れる - Japanese verb that means "to get used to"
• のに - Japanese particle that indicates the purpose or objective of an action.
• 時間 - Japanese noun that means "time"
• が - Japanese particle that indicates the subject of the sentence
• かかります - Japanese verb meaning "to take time."

私は時計を回す。

Watashi wa tokei wo mawasu

I turn the clock.

I turn the clock.

• 私 - signifies "I" in Japanese
• は - Japanese topic particle
• 時計 - means "clock" in Japanese
• を - Direct Object Particle in Japanese
• 回す - means "to turn" in Japanese

私たちは時々弛みが必要です。

Watashitachi wa tokidoki yurumi ga hitsuyōdesu

We need moments of relaxation sometimes.

Sometimes we need laxity.

• 私たち - 私たち
• は - Japanese topic particle
• 時々 - "sometimes" in Japanese
• 弛み - "relaxamento" in Japanese
• が - Subject particle in Japanese.
• 必要 - "Necessário" in Japanese
• です - The verb "to be" in Japanese, used to indicate a formal or polite statement.

私たちは一緒に素晴らしい時間を過ごしました。

Watashitachi wa issho ni subarashii jikan o sugoshimashita

We had a wonderful time together.

We had a wonderful time together.

• 私たちは - 「私たち」
• 一緒に - "Juntos" in Japanese is "一緒に" (issho ni).
• 素晴らしい - "Maravilhoso" em japonês
• 時間を - "Tempo" em japonês
• 過ごしました - "Passamos" in Japanese is "私たちは通りました" (Watashitachi wa toorimashita).

私の目覚まし時計は毎日少しずつずれる。

Watashi no mezamashi tokei wa mainichi sukoshi zutsu zureru

My alarm clock is a little late every day.

My alarm clock changes gradually every day.

• 私の - "Meu" in Japanese
• 目覚まし時計 - "despertador" in Japanese.
• は - Japanese topic particle
• 毎日 - "todos os dias" in Japanese
• 少しずつ - "pouco a pouco" in Japanese
• ずれる - "deslocar-se" in Japanese

私の時間割は毎週月曜日から金曜日までです。

Watashi no jikanwari wa maishuu getsuyoubi kara kin'youbi made desu

My schedule is Monday through Friday every Monday.

• 私の時間割 - "My schedule" in Japanese
• は - Japanese topic particle
• 毎週 - "Every week" in Japanese
• 月曜日 - "Monday" in Japanese
• から - "From" in Japanese
• 金曜日 - "Friday" in Japanese
• まで - "Until" in Japanese
• です - polite way of "being" in Japanese

臨時の雇用員を募集しています。

Rinji no koyouin wo boshuu shiteimasu

We are hiring temporary employees.

We are looking for temporary employees.

• 臨時の - temporary
• 雇用員 - hired employee
• を - object particle
• 募集しています - is recruiting

苦しい時こそ頑張ろう。

Kurushii toki koso ganbarou

Let's do our best when it is painful.

• 苦しい - "kurai" means "difficult" or "suffered".
• 時 - "toki" means "time" or "moment".
• こそ - "koso" is a particle that emphasizes the previous word, in this case "toki".
• 頑張ろう - "ganbarou" is an expression that means "let's do our best" or "let's strive."