Translation and Meaning of: 主 - aruji

If you've ever watched an anime or read a manga, you've probably come across the word 主 (あるじ, aruji). But what does it really mean? In this article, we will explore this word in depth, which carries meanings such as master, chief, lord, and even husband. Here, you will discover its etymology, how the kanji was created, tips for memorization, and even how it appears in real contexts in Japan. And if you use Anki or another spaced repetition program, don't worry: we will include practical examples to boost your studies!

Etymology and Origin of the Kanji 主

The kanji 主 has an interesting history. It is composed of the radical 丶 (a dot, which symbolizes something small or essential) and the radical 王 (king, sovereign). Together, they convey the idea of "someone who holds central power," like a leader or authority figure. In ancient China, this character was used to represent the flame of a candle, something that illuminates and guides — a perfect metaphor for those in command.

In Japan, the term あるじ (aruji) emerged during the Heian period (794–1185), when it referred to the owner of a house or head of the family. Over time, its meaning expanded to include employers, landlords, and even husbands. Interestingly, in feudal contexts, 主 could also indicate a feudal lord, one who governed lands and serfs. It is no wonder that this kanji appears in words like 主人 (shujin, "master" or "husband") and 主催 (shusai, "organizer").

Modern Usage and Cultural Contexts

Nowadays, 主 (aruji) is still used, but in more specific situations. For example, in traditional Japanese inns (ryokan), the owner of the establishment may be referred to as あるじ. In animes and dramas, you will hear this word when a character refers to the "master of the house" or the "chief" of a group. And yes, it can also be used affectionately to refer to a husband, especially in older or more formal contexts.

A curious detail: 主 is not as common in modern daily life as 主人 (shujin), but it still appears in fixed expressions and titles. For example, in 地主 (jinushi), which means "landowner", or 主役 (shuyaku), the "main role" in a play or movie. If you want to sound natural in Japanese, pay attention to these contexts — they reveal a lot about hierarchy and respect in Japanese culture.

Tips for Memorizing and Applying

Memorizing kanji can be a challenge, but 主 has an advantage: its stroke is simple and its meaning is visual. Think of it as a flame (the upper dot) that commands (the radical for "king"). One technique that works well is to associate it with words you already know, like 主人 (shujin) or 主婦 (shufu, "housewife"). Another tip? Use flashcards with practical sentences, such as "この家の主はだれですか？" (Kono ie no aruji wa dare desu ka?, "Who is the owner of this house?").

And if you like puns, how about remembering that 主 looks like a "king" with a small crown (the dot)? Jokes aside, the best way to fix this word in your mind is to see it in action. Watch scenes of samurais or period dramas where あるじ is frequently used. After a while, your brain will naturally associate the kanji with the idea of leadership — and you won't even need to memorize it.

Vocabulary

Expand your vocabulary with related words:

Synonyms and similar words

• 主人 (shujin) - Husband or owner (can refer to a master in older contexts)
• ご主人 (goshujin) - Husband; also used respectfully to refer to the owner of a house or business.
• 主要 (shuyou) - Principal, important
• 主役 (shuyaku) - Main character (in a play, movie, etc.)
• 主演 (shuen) - Act as the main character (in a movie or play)
• 主導 (shudo) - Leadership, mastery
• 主体 (shutai) - Main entity, main body
• 主題 (shudai) - Theme, main subject
• 主力 (shuriki) - Main force, driving force
• 主任 (shunin) - Head or leader of a department
• 主任者 (shuninsha) - Person responsible or leader

主

Romaji: aruji
Kana: あるじ
Type: noun
L: -

Translation / Meaning: master; head (of a household); landlord; husband; employer; host

Meaning in English: master;head (of a household);landlord;one's husband;employer;host

Definition: The center or center of things.

Example Sentences - (主) aruji

See below some example sentences:

アメリカは自由と民主主義の象徴です。

Amelika wa jiyū to minshu shugi no shōchō desu

America is a symbol of freedom and democracy.

The United States is a symbol of freedom and democracy.

• アメリカ - America
• は - Topic particle
• 自由 - freedom
• と - I'm sorry, but I need a text or string to translate from Portuguese to English. Please provide the content you'd like me to work on.
• 民主主義 - democracy
• の - Possession particle
• 象徴 - symbol
• です - Verb to be/estar in the present

議長は会議を主宰する役割を持っています。

Gichou wa kaigi wo shusai suru yakuwari wo motteimasu

The president has the role of leading the meeting.

• 議長 - President
• は - Topic particle
• 会議 - Meeting
• を - Direct object particle
• 主宰する - Preside, lead
• 役割 - Paper, function
• を - Direct object particle
• 持っています - Land, possess

このプレゼンテーションの主題は何ですか？

Kono purezentēshon no shudai wa nan desu ka?

What is the theme of this presentation?

• この - demonstrative pronoun meaning "this" in Japanese
• プレゼンテーション - Japanese word meaning "presentation"
• の - Japanese particle indicating possession or belonging
• 主題 - Japanese word meaning "theme" or "main subject"
• は - particle in Japanese that indicates the topic of the sentence
• 何 - Japanese word meaning "what"
• です - Japanese verb indicating "to be" or "estar" (polite form)
• か - particle in Japanese that indicates a question
• ？ - punctuation mark in Japanese that indicates a question

この主張には根拠が必要です。

Kono shuchou ni wa konkyo ga hitsuyou desu

This claim needs evidence.

This claim requires a base.

• この - demonstrative pronoun meaning "this" or "this"
• 主張 - noun meaning "claim", "declaration" or "argument"
• には - particle indicating "in relation to" or "about"
• 根拠 - noun meaning "foundation", "base" or "proof"
• が - particle that indicates the subject of the sentence
• 必要 - adjective meaning "necessary" or "essential"
• です - Verb "to be" in polite form

ライスは日本の主食です。

Raisu wa Nihon no shushoku desu

Rice is a Japanese basic food.

• ライス - rice
• は - Topic particle
• 日本 - Japan
• の - Possession particle
• 主食 - staple food
• です - verb to be, polite form

主人公は勇敢でした。

Shujinkou wa yuukan deshita

The protagonist was brave.

• 主人公 - main character
• は - Topic particle
• 勇敢 - brave
• でした - past participle of the verb "ser"

主人公は勇敢である。

Shujinkou wa yuukan de aru

The protagonist is brave.

• 主人公 - main character
• は - Topic particle
• 勇敢 - brave
• である - to be

主語は文の中で最も重要な役割を果たします。

Shugo wa bun no naka de mottomo juuyou na yakuwari o hatashimasu

The subject plays the most important role in the sentence.

• 主語 (shujo) - subject
• は (wa) - Topic particle
• 文 (bun) - sentence
• の中で (no naka de) - Inside of
• 最も (mottomo) - more, the most
• 重要な (juuyouna) - important
• 役割 (yakuwari) - Paper, function
• を果たします (wo hatashimasu) - perform, fulfill

主体は自分自身である。

Shutai wa jibun jishin de aru

The subject is himself.

The subject is yourself.

• 主体 (shutai) - subject, individual
• は (wa) - Topic particle
• 自分 (jibun) - yourself, yourself
• 自身 (jishin) - yourself, yourself
• である (dearu) - to be

君主は国を統治する責任がある。

Kunshu wa kuni o tōchi suru sekinin ga aru

The monarch is responsible for the governance of the country.

• 君主 - It means "monarch" in Japanese.
• は - topic particle in Japanese, indicates that the subject of the sentence is the "monarch."
• 国 - "País" significa "国" (kuni) em japonês.
• を - object particle in Japanese, indicates that the "country" is the object of the action.
• 統治する - "Governar" em japonês é "治める" (osameru).
• 責任がある - 責任を持つ (せきにんをもつ)