Translation and Meaning of: 反 - tan

If you are studying Japanese or are curious about the language, you may have come across the word 反[たん]. This expression, while not extremely common in everyday life, carries interesting meanings and reveals aspects of Japan's linguistic and cultural structure. In this article, we will explore its meaning, origin, and how it is used in different contexts. Additionally, we will see some tips for memorizing it and understanding its role in communication.

Meaning and usage of 反[たん]

The word 反[たん] is a prefix or compositional element that generally conveys the idea of opposition, contrast, or reversal. In many cases, it appears in compound terms, modifying the meaning of the accompanying word. For example, in 反対[はんたい] (opposition) or 反応[はんのう] (reaction), the 反 reinforces the notion of something that opposes or responds to a stimulus.

Although it is not an independent word, 反[たん] is essential for forming more complex vocabulary. Its use is more frequent in formal, academic, or technical contexts, such as in political, scientific, or philosophical discussions. In everyday life, it appears less in isolation and more as part of other expressions.

Origin and composition of the kanji 反

The kanji 反 is composed of the radical 又 (indicating hand or repeated action) and the component 厂, which suggests an inclination or deviation. Together, they convey the idea of something that turns against or opposes an original direction. This construction reflects well the main meaning of the character, which involves resistance or inversion.

Historically, 反 was already used in classical Chinese with meanings similar to those in modern Japanese. When incorporated into the Japanese language, it maintained its function of indicating opposition but also gained specific uses in the formation of technical and abstract words. It is worth noting that in some ancient contexts, this kanji could also refer to measures of fabric, but this usage is rare today.

Tips for memorizing and using 反[たん]

An effective way to solidify the meaning of 反[たん] is to associate it with words you already know that contain this element. For example, 反対[はんたい] (opposition) and 反応[はんのう] (reaction) are helpful terms to remember that 反 generally indicates a response contrary to something. Creating flashcards with examples can help internalize its usage.

Another strategy is to pay attention to news or academic texts in Japanese, where 反 appears frequently in discussions about politics, science, and society. Observing how it is used in real contexts facilitates the understanding of the nuances of this prefix. Over time, you will begin to recognize it naturally in different situations.

Vocabulary

Expand your vocabulary with related words:

Synonyms and similar words

• 逆 (gyaku) - Opposite; reverse
• 反転 (hanten) - Inversion; change of direction
• 反対 (hantai) - Opposition; disagreement
• 反面 (hanmen) - Other side; contrast
• 反省 (hansei) - Reflection; self-criticism
• 反抗 (hankou) - Rebellion; resistance
• 反発 (hanpatsu) - Reaction; rejection
• 反応 (hannin) - Reaction; response to stimuli
• 反復 (hanpuku) - Repetition; return
• 反射 (han'sha) - Reflection; light reflection
• 反映 (han'ei) - Reflection; representation
• 反感 (hankan) - Aversion; antipathy
• 反乱 (hanran) - Revolt; uprising
• 反響 (hankyō) - Eco; repercussion
• 反撃 (hangeki) - Counterattack; defense
• 反省する (hansei suru) - Reflect; self-criticism
• 反省会 (hansei-kai) - Reflection meeting; group self-criticism
• 反省文 (hansei bun) - Reflection text; report of self-criticism
• 反省点 (hansei ten) - Reflection point; areas for improvement
• 反省日記 (hansei nikki) - Reflection journal; personal self-critique journal
• 反省録 (hansei roku) - Reflection log; self-critique notes
• 反省心 (hansei shin) - Reflective sentiment; critical awareness
• 反省期間 (hansei kikan) - Reflection period; time dedicated to self-criticism
• 反省材料 (hansei zairyou) - Reflective material; resources for self-criticism
• 反省状 (hansei jou) - Reflection statement; self-critique letter
• 反省書 (hansei sho) - Reflection document; writing of self-critique
• 反省日 (hansei bi) - Day of reflection; a date for self-criticism
• 反省文書 (hansei bunsho) - Reflection documents; self-criticism reports
• 反省会議 (hansei kaigi) - Reflection conference; meetings for critical discussion
• 反省態度 (hansei taido) - Reflective attitude; self-criticism posture
• 反省時間 (hansei jikan) - Time for reflection; time for self-criticism
• 反省教育 (hansei kyouiku) - Reflective education; teaching self-criticism
• 反省精神 (hansei seishin) - Spirit of reflection; critical mindset
• 反省方針 (hansei houshin) - Reflection policy; guidelines for self-criticism
• 反省論文 (hansei ronbun) - Article on reflection; academic writing on self-criticism

反

Romaji: tan
Kana: たん
Type: noun
L: -

Translation / Meaning: cloth roll (c. 10 yd.); 245 acres; 300 tsubo

Meaning in English: roll of cloth (c. 10 yds.);.245 acres;300 tsubo

Definition: "Anti" is a word that indicates opposing ideas, opinions, or movements.

Example Sentences - (反) tan

See below some example sentences:

合成は化学反応の一つです。

Gōsei wa kagaku hannō no hitotsu desu

Synthesis is one of the chemical reactions.

• 合成 - means "synthesis" in Japanese.
• は - It is a grammatical particle that indicates the topic of the sentence.
• 化学反応 - means "chemical reaction" in Japanese.
• の - is a grammatical particle that indicates the relationship of possession or belonging.
• 一つ - means "one" in Japanese.
• です - It is a polite way to say "is" in Japanese.

彼は規則に反する行動をした。

Kare wa kisoku ni hansuru koudou o shita

He acted in disagreement with the rules.

He acted against the rules.

• 彼 - The Japanese personal pronoun that means "he" is "彼" (kare).
• は - Japanese topic particle
• 規則 - Japanese noun meaning "rule"
• に - destination particle in Japanese
• 反する - Japanese verb that means "to go against", "violate"
• 行動 - Japanese noun meaning "action"
• を - Direct Object Particle in Japanese
• した - Japanese past tense verb meaning "did"

彼女の反応は大げさすぎる。

Kanojo no hankou wa oogesa sugiru

Its reaction is very exaggerated.

• 彼女 - she
• の - Possession particle
• 反応 - reação
• は - Topic particle
• 大げさ - exagerado
• すぎる - too much

彼女は私の意見に反感を示した。

Kanojo wa watashi no iken ni hankann wo shimeshita

She expressed disapproval of my opinion.

She showed my opinion in my opinion.

• 彼女 (kanojo) - she
• は (wa) - Topic particle
• 私の (watashi no) - my
• 意見 (iken) - opinion
• に (ni) - target particle
• 反感 (hankan) - aversion
• を (wo) - direct object particle
• 示した (shimeshita) - showed

法律に違反すると罰せられる。

Hōritsu ni hihan suru to basserareru

You will be punished if you break the law.

• 法律 (hou ritsu) - law
• に (ni) - particle that indicates action or destination
• 違反する (i han suru) - violate, infringe
• と (to) - particle indicating condition or consequence
• 罰せられる (batsu serareru) - ser punido