Translation and Meaning of: 借金 - shakkin

The Japanese word 借金 (しゃっきん) is a term that appears frequently in everyday life in Japan, whether in news, conversations, or even in dramas and animes. If you are studying Japanese or are curious about the language, understanding its meaning, origin, and usage can be essential to avoid confusion. In this article, we will explore everything from the composition of the kanji to how this word is culturally perceived in Japan.

In addition to uncovering the literal meaning of 借金, we will also see how it is used in different contexts, from formal situations to more colloquial expressions. If you have ever wondered why the Japanese have a particular relationship with debt or how to efficiently memorize this vocabulary, keep reading to discover relevant facts and practical tips.

The meaning and origin of 借金

The word 借金 is composed of two kanji: 借 (しゃく), meaning "to borrow" or "to lend," and 金 (きん), which refers to "money" or "gold." Together, they form the term that we translate as "debt" or "money loan." Unlike other expressions related to finance, 借金 carries a more direct and often negative tone, as it implies financial obligations to be settled.

Historically, the use of 借金 dates back to the Edo period, when the Japanese financial system began to develop with loans between merchants and farmers. Despite being an old word, it remains extremely relevant today, especially in discussions about personal finance and debt in contemporary Japan.

Cultural use and perception in Japan

In Japan, 借金 is not seen merely as a financial term, but also as a concept that reflects social values. Japanese culture traditionally values responsibility and the repayment of debts, both monetary and moral. Therefore, accumulating 借金 can be associated with a breach of trust, especially in family or business contexts.

On the other hand, bank loans and financing are widely used, mainly for purchasing real estate and education. The difference lies in the formality: while 借金 can sound negative in casual conversations, terms like ローン (bank loan) are more neutral and socially accepted. This nuance is important for those who wish to use the word correctly in different situations.

How to memorize and use 借金 correctly

An effective way to memorize 借金 is to associate its kanjis with practical situations. For example, remember that 借 appears in words like 借りる (to borrow) and 金 is common in terms like お金 (money). This breakdown helps to understand not only the meaning but also the logic behind vocabulary formation in Japanese.

Moreover, it's worth noting how the word appears in real contexts, such as reports on public debt or dialogues in Japanese series. Repeating phrases like "借金を返す" (to pay off a debt) or "借金が増える" (the debt increases) can solidify the learning. Over time, the natural use of 借金 will become more intuitive, avoiding misconceptions in communication.

Vocabulary

Expand your vocabulary with related words:

Synonyms and similar words

• 負債 (fusai) - Debt, usually referring to financial liabilities.
• 債務 (saimu) - Payment obligations, more generalized in legal contexts.
• ローン (roon) - Loan usually refers to a specific type of credit.
• 借り (kari) - Loan, the act of borrowing.
• 借り入れ (kariire) - Process of obtaining a loan or financing.

借金

Romaji: shakkin
Kana: しゃっきん
Type: Noun
L: jlpt-n3

Translation / Meaning: debt; loan; passive

Meaning in English: debt;loan;liabilities

Definition: A loan that must be repaid when money or goods are borrowed.

Example Sentences - (借金) shakkin

See below some example sentences:

借金は返さなければならない。

Shakkin wa kaesanakereba naranai

Debts must be paid.

The debt must be returned.

• 借金 (shakkin) - Debt
• は (wa) - Topic particle
• 返さなければならない (kaesanakereba naranai) - must be returned