Translation and Meaning of: と - to

The Japanese word と [to] is one of the most fundamental and frequently used particles in the language. If you are learning Japanese, you have certainly come across it in basic sentences or even in more complex dialogues. In this article, we will explore its meaning, common uses, and how it fits into the grammatical structure of Japanese. Moreover, we will look at some curiosities about how this small particle can completely change the meaning of a sentence.

If you have already used the Suki Nihongo dictionary, you know that it is a great tool for understanding words and particles like と. Here, we go beyond simple translation and dive into the details that make this particle so essential for communication in Japan. Shall we begin?

The basic meaning and usage of と

The particle と has as its main function to indicate companionship or connection between elements. In English, it can be translated as "and" or "with," depending on the context. For example, in the phrase "りんごとバナナ" (ringo to banana), it means "apple and banana," joining the two items in a list.

Another common use is to express joint action, as in "友達と映画を見た" (tomodachi to eiga o mita), which means "I watched a movie with a friend." Note how と establishes a relationship between the mentioned people or objects, creating a clear connection in the sentence.

The origin and evolution of と

Linguistic studies indicate that と comes from ancient Japanese, where it already served similar functions to the current ones. Unlike many particles that have undergone significant changes over the centuries, と has maintained its form and basic use practically unchanged since the Heian period (794-1185).

Interestingly, research shows that と is one of the oldest particles still in continuous use in modern Japanese. Its simplicity and versatility explain why it has stood the test of time, appearing even in some of Japan's oldest texts.

Tips for using と correctly

A common confusion among students is when to use と instead of other particles like や (ya) or に (ni). Remember: と indicates a complete list or a specific joint action, while や suggests an incomplete list. For example, "本とノート" (hon to nōto) specifically means "book and notebook," without other implied items.

To better memorize, try to associate と with the symbol of a link or chain, as it always connects elements in a direct and explicit way. Another tip is to pay attention to dialogues in anime or Japanese dramas, where と appears frequently in everyday conversations.

Vocabulary

Expand your vocabulary with related words:

Synonyms and similar words

• 無論 (muron) - Without a doubt
• 当然 (touzen) - Naturally; Of course
• なんといっても (nanto ittemo) - In any case; Above all
• そうだろう (sou darou) - That's not how it is, right?
• そうに決まっている (sou ni kimatteru) - Sure it is like that.
• そうだと思う (sou da to omou) - I think it's like this.
• そう思う (sou omou) - I think like this
• そうでしょう (sou deshou) - Isn't it true?
• そうですね (sou desu ne) - This is true, isn’t it?
• そうだね (sou da ne) - That's right, isn't it?
• そうだよね (sou da yo ne) - That's right, isn't it?
• そうだよな (sou da yo na) - That's right, isn't it?
• そうだな (sou da na) - Yes, that's right
• そうかな (sou kana) - Is it like this?
• そうだろうか (sou darou ka) - Is it like this?
• そうだとすれば (sou da to sureba) - If that's the case
• そうだとしたら (sou da to shitara) - If this is true
• そうなら (sou nara) - If that's the case
• そうならば (sou naraba) - If that's the case
• そういうことだ (sou iu koto da) - That's how it is
• そういうことになる (sou iu koto ni naru) - It will reach that point.
• そういうことになっている (sou iu koto ni natteiru) - It is defined like this
• そういうことになった (sou iu koto ni natta) - This happened
• そういうことになると (sou iu koto ni naru to) - If this happens
• そういうことになると思う (sou iu koto ni naru to omou) - I think it's going to be like this.

と

Romaji: to
Kana: と
Type: noun
L: jlpt-n5

Translation / Meaning: 1. if (conjunction); 2. Promoted pawn (shogi) (ABBR)

Meaning in English: 1. if (conjunction); 2. promoted pawn (shogi) (abbr)

Definition: "To" is a conjunction that expresses a connection between sentences or words.

Example Sentences - (と) to

See below some example sentences:

このアプリはインターネットに接続する必要があります。

Kono apuri wa intaanetto ni setsuzoku suru hitsuyou ga arimasu

This app must be connected to the internet.

• この - demonstrative pronoun that means "this" or "this here"
• アプリ - abbreviation of "application", referring to software for mobile devices
• は - topic particle, indicating that the subject of the sentence is the application
• インターネット - global network of computers that allows communication and information sharing
• に - destination particle, indicating that the application needs to connect to the Internet
• 接続する - "Verb that means 'to connect'"
• 必要があります - expression that means "it is necessary", indicating that the Internet connection is mandatory

このアプリはとても便利です。

Kono apuri wa totemo benri desu

This app is very convenient.

• この - demonstrative pronoun that means "this" or "this here"
• アプリ - abbreviation of "application," referring to software for mobile devices or computers
• は - topic particle that indicates that the subject of the sentence is "this application"
• とても - adverb meaning "very"
• 便利 - adjective that means "useful" or "convenient"
• です - verb "to be" in the present, indicating that "this app is very useful"

このコーナーはとても危険です。

Kono kōnā wa totemo kiken desu

This corner is very dangerous.

• この - demonstrative pronoun that means "this" or "this here"
• コーナー - noun meaning "curve" or "corner"
• は - topic particle that indicates the topic of the sentence
• とても - adverb meaning "very" or "extremely"
• 危険 - adjective that means "dangerous" or "risky"
• です - verb to be in the polite form

このビジネスは儲かると思います。

Kono bijinesu wa mōkaru to omoimasu

I think this business will be profitable.

I think this business will be profitable.

• この - demonstrative pronoun that means "this" or "this here"
• ビジネス - noun that means "business"
• は - particle that marks the topic of the sentence
• 儲かる - verb that means "to profit" or "to generate profit"
• と - particle indicating the quotation of an opinion or thought
• 思います - verb meaning "to think" or "to believe"

このプランはとても魅力的です。

Kono puran wa totemo miryokuteki desu

This plan is very attractive.

• この - demonstrative pronoun that means "this" or "this here"
• プラン - noun meaning "plan" or "project"
• は - topic particle indicating the subject of the sentence, in this case, the previously mentioned plan
• とても - adverb meaning "very"
• 魅力的 - Adjective that means "attractive" or "seductive"
• です - verb "to be" in the polite and polite form

このプロジェクトには多くのリスクが伴う。

Kono purojekuto ni wa ooku no risuku ga tomonau

This project involves many risks.

This project has many risks.

• この - demonstrative pronoun that means "this" or "this here"
• プロジェクト - noun meaning "project"
• には - particle that indicates the existence of something in a specific place or time
• 多くの - adjective that means "many" or "much"
• リスク - noun that means "risk"
• が - particle that indicates the subject of the sentence
• 伴う - verb that means "to accompany" or "to be together with"

このプロジェクトには大きな見込みがある。

Kono purojekuto ni wa ookina mikomi ga aru

This project has great perspectives.

This project has a great perspective.

• この - demonstrative pronoun that means "this" or "this here"
• プロジェクト - noun meaning "project"
• には - particle that indicates the existence of something in a specific place or moment
• 大きな - adjective that means "big" or "important"
• 見込み - noun that means "perspective" or "expectation"
• が - particle that indicates the subject of the sentence
• ある - verb meaning "to exist" or "to have"

このプロジェクトを纏めるのはあなたの責任です。

Kono purojekuto o matomeru no wa anata no sekinin desu

It is your responsibility to put this project together.

It is your responsibility to summarize this project.

• この - demonstrative pronoun that means "this" or "this here"
• プロジェクト - noun meaning "project"
• を - Particle indicating the direct object of the sentence
• 纏める - verb that means "organize" or "coordinate"
• のは - particle that indicates the subject of the sentence
• あなた - personal pronoun meaning "you"
• の - Particle that indicates possession
• 責任 - noun meaning "responsibility"
• です - verb that indicates the polite form of the present indicative

この二つの会社は合同して新しいプロジェクトを始めます。

Kono futatsu no kaisha wa gōdō shite atarashii purojekuto o hajimemasu

These two companies start a new project together.

• この - demonstrative pronoun that means "this" or "this here"
• 二つ - numeral meaning "two"
• の - particle that indicates possession or belonging
• 会社 - noun meaning "company"
• は - Particle indicating the topic of the sentence
• 合同して - compound verb meaning "to unite" or "to come together"
• 新しい - adjective meaning "new"
• プロジェクト - noun meaning "project"
• を - Particle indicating the direct object of the sentence
• 始めます - verb meaning "to begin"

この仕事は果ないと思う。

Kono shigoto wa hatanai to omou

I think this work is fruitless.

I don't think this work is over.

• この - demonstrative pronoun that means "this" or "this here"
• 仕事 - noun meaning "work" or "occupation"
• は - topic particle indicating that the preceding noun is the topic of the sentence
• 果ない - adjective meaning "unproductive" or "useless"
• と - particle indicating direct or indirect quotation
• 思う - verb meaning "to think" or "to believe"