Translation and Meaning of: 痛い - itai

If you've ever watched an anime or heard someone speaking Japanese, you've probably come across the word 痛い (いたい - itai). It is one of those expressions that shows up in practically any context, from a physical injury to embarrassing situations. But what exactly does this word mean? Where did it come from? And why do the Japanese use it so often? In this article, you'll discover the etymology, the pictogram, and the everyday usage of this word, as well as tips for memorizing it and even some funny puns. If you use Anki or another spaced repetition system, you'll find practical examples to boost your studies.

The Meaning and Origin of 痛い

The word 痛い is a Japanese adjective that means "painful" or "that hurts." It can be used for both physical pains ("My knee hurts" - 膝が痛い) and for emotional or social situations ("What an embarrassing situation" - 痛い状況). The kanji 痛 is composed of two radicals: 疒 (illness) and 甬 (narrow passage), suggesting the idea of something that "pierces the body uncomfortably." Interestingly, this same kanji appears in other words such as 痛感 (tsūkan - to feel deeply) and 頭痛 (zutsū - headache).

In Japanese culture, itai goes beyond physical pain. Have you ever seen someone commit such a huge blunder that it makes you feel secondhand embarrassment? Well, the Japanese describe this as 痛い人 (itai hito - embarrassing person). This metaphorical use is so common that it has even become a meme on the internet, especially in forums like 2channel, where "cringe" situations are marked with a simple "itai".

How the Kanji 痛 Tells Its Own Story

Looking at the kanji 痛 is like deciphering a small puzzle. The radical 疒 (yamaidare) represents a sick person's bed, while 甬 resembles a tunnel or narrow passage. Together, they paint the image of pain that "pierces" the body like a tight corridor. It is no wonder that this character also appears in medical terms such as 神経痛 (shinkeitsū - neuralgia) and 腰痛 (yōtsū - back pain).

An interesting detail is that, in cursive writing, the top stroke of 甬 can be simplified, but the essence remains: pain is something that "occupies space" in the body. If you are learning Japanese, noticing these details helps to memorize not only the kanji but also its deep meaning. Want a tip? Think of 痛い as a "disease that goes through a tunnel" — that way, whenever you see this kanji, you'll remember the sensation of something moving through your body in an uncomfortable way.

Itai no Dia a Dia: From Hospitals to Memes

In Japan, itai is so versatile that it can be used from a child crying over a scraped knee to an adult complaining about a hangover (二日酔いで頭が痛い - futsukayoi de atama ga itai). On social media, it has even become a code for embarrassing situations: a clueless comment can be responded to with an "itai…", almost like saying "ouch, yikes". And it doesn't stop there — in some regional dialects, such as that of Osaka, you might hear variations like "itaina" or "iteee", always with that dramatic tone typical of kansai-ben.

And here’s a golden tip for those who want to sound more natural: instead of shouting "itai!" with every bump, try stretching the vowel ("itaaaaaai!") for intense pain or using a shorter tone ("ite!") for something quick. The Japanese do this all the time, and this little adjustment can make your Japanese much more authentic. Have you thought about practicing this the next time you stub your toe on the edge of the table? (We all know that pain deserves a nicely prolonged "itai.")

Vocabulary

Expand your vocabulary with related words:

Synonyms and similar words

疼く (uzuku) - to feel slight or uncomfortable pain
痛む (itamu) - to hurt, to feel pain (more intense)
疼痛 (tsuuhtsu) - pain (referring to pain in general)
疼痛感 (tsuuhtsukan) - Sensation of pain
痛み (itami) - pain (general)
痛覚 (tsuuka) - pain perception
痛感覚 (tsuukankaku) - tactile sensation of pain
疼痛覚 (tsuuhtsukaku) - perception of the sensation of pain
疼痛感覚 (tsuuhtsukankaku) - sensation and perception of pain

Related words

腫れる

hareru

swell (inflammation); swell

切ない

setsunai

painful; trying; oppressive; suffocating

辛い

karai

hot (spicy); salty; hard (on someone); adverse; hard

痛む

itamu

hurt; feel a pain; be injured

痛い

Romaji: itai
Kana: いたい
Type: Adjective
L: jlpt-n5

Translation / Meaning: painful

Meaning in English: painful

Definition: Cause unpleasant sensations in the body.

Quick Access
- Vocabulary
- Writing
- Sentences

How to Write in Japanese - (痛い) itai

See below a step-by-step guide on how to write the word by hand in Japanese. (痛い) itai:

Example Sentences - (痛い) itai

See below some example sentences:

私の手首が痛いです。

Watashi no tekubi ga itai desu

My wrist is hurting.

My wrist hurts.

私 (watashi) - personal pronoun that means "I"
の (no) - possessive particle indicating that "my" is the word being modified
手首 (tekubi) - noun meaning "pulse"
が (ga) - subject particle indicating that "pulse" is the subject of the sentence
痛い (itai) - adjective meaning "sore"
です (desu) - linking verb that indicates that the sentence is in the present tense and is a polite statement

頭が痛いです。

Atama ga itai desu

I have a headache.

頭 (atama) - head
が (ga) - subject particle
痛い (itai) - sore
です (desu) - Verb to be/estar in the present

私の顎は痛いです。

Watashi no ago wa itai desu

My chin is hurting.

My chin hurts.

私 (watashi) - personal pronoun "I"
の (no) - Possessive particle "my"
顎 (ago) - "chin"
は (wa) - topic particle "about"
痛い (itai) - adjective "sore"
です (desu) - verb "ser/estar" in the polite form

私は肘をぶつけて痛いです。

Watashi wa hiji o butsukete itai desu

I hit my elbow and hurt.

I hurt my elbow and hurt.

私 (watashi) - Japanese personal pronoun that means "I"
は (wa) - topic particle that indicates the subject of the sentence
肘 (hiji) - Japanese noun meaning "elbow"
を (wo) - object particle indicating the direct object of the action
ぶつけて (butsukete) - Japanese verb meaning "to hit" or "to collide"
痛い (itai) - Japanese adjective meaning "sore" or "painful"
です (desu) - linking verb indicating the existence or state of something

私の尻は痛いです。

Watashi no shiri wa itai desu

My ass hurts.

私 (watashi) - The personal pronoun that means "I" in Japanese.
の (no) - particle that indicates possession or relationship between two things
尻 (shiri) - noun meaning "buttocks" or "ass" in Japanese
は (wa) - Particle indicating the topic of the sentence
痛い (itai) - adjective meaning "sore" or "sick" in Japanese
です (desu) - auxiliary verb that indicates the polite or formal form of speech in Japanese

私の膝は痛いです。

Watashi no hiza wa itai desu

My knee hurts.

私 (watashi) - personal pronoun that means "I"
の (no) - particle of possession, which indicates that "膝" (hiza) belongs to "私" (watashi)
膝 (hiza) - noun meaning "knee"
は (wa) - topic particle, which indicates that "膝" (hiza) is the subject of the sentence
痛い (itai) - adjective meaning "sore" or "sick"
です (desu) - linking verb that indicates that the sentence is in the present tense and is polite

私の股は痛いです。

Watashi no mata wa itai desu

My crotch hurts.

私 (watashi) - personal pronoun that means "I"
の (no) - particle that indicates possession or relationship between words
股 (mata) - noun meaning "groin"
は (wa) - Particle indicating the topic of the sentence
痛い (itai) - adjective meaning "sore" or "sick"
です (desu) - auxiliary verb that indicates the polite or formal form of the sentence