Translation and Meaning of: 及び - oyobi

The Japanese word 及び (および) is an essential term for anyone looking to master the language, especially in formal or written contexts. If you've ever wondered about its meaning, translation, or how to use it correctly, this article will clarify everything. Here, we will explore everything from its origin to practical memorization tips, always based on reliable sources like the Suki Nihongo dictionary.

"及び" significa "e" ou "bem como" em inglês. A tradução é "and" ou "as well as".

In Portuguese, 及び can be translated as "and" or "as well as," but its use is more specific than the simple と or や. It frequently appears in documents, contracts, or texts that require formality, connecting items in a list in a more solemn manner. For example, in rules or laws, it is common to see phrases like "A, B 及び C" to enumerate elements without losing the serious tone.

An interesting fact is that, although 及び is formal, it is not archaic. Japanese students often encounter it in academic materials or technical manuals, where clarity and precision are priorities. If you are learning the language for business or study purposes, it is worth paying attention to this word.

Origin and writing of 及び

The composition of 及び comes from the kanjis 及 (to reach, to achieve) and び (verbal suffix), suggesting the idea of "reaching something additional." This construction reflects its role in the language well: to include elements in a logical sequence. Unlike "and," which is versatile, 及び has a more restricted and elegant use.

It is worth noting that, in writing, the kanji 及 is the same used in words like 及ぼす (affect) or 普及 (dissemination). If you have already studied these terms, you can associate them to memorize 及び more easily. This connection helps to reinforce not only the meaning but also the correct writing.

When and how to use 及び in daily life?

Although it is more common in writing, 及び also appears in formal speeches, such as lectures or official announcements. A frequent mistake among learners is using it instead of と in casual conversations, which sounds artificial. Imagine saying "bread 及び butter" at breakfast – it definitely wouldn't sound natural!

To practice, one tip is to create flashcards with real sentences, such as excerpts from newspapers or simplified contracts. Context is crucial: observe how 及び appears in legal or technical texts and try to recreate similar structures. Over time, you will develop a natural intuition about when (and when not) to use it.